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Growth analysis, nitrogen accumulation, and yield of sugarcane varieties for the pre - amazon region of Brazil

Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Growth analysis, nitrogen accumulation, and yield of sugarcane varieties for the pre - amazon region of Brazil Autor(es): SHIGAKI, Francirose; LIRA, Thiago Pontes; FREITAS, José Roberto Brito; COSTA, Mayanna Karlla Lima; VERAS, Ludhanna Marinho; RODRIGUES, Rosane Cláudia; ARAUJO, Elisangela Sousa de Resumo: The great expansion of sugar cane production to non - traditional regions in Brazil has demonstrated the importance of knowledge on the growth characteristics to maintain the productivity and sustainability of the sector. Among the alternatives available to evaluate different varieties of sugar cane , the growth analysis has been one of the most used tools . The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and development of three varieties of sugar cane for the Pre - Amazon region of Brazil. The varieties used were RB 867515, RB 863129 and RB 92579, and the following parameters of growth were evaluated : accumulation of biomass on the part area, leaf area , number of plants, height of stems , the nitrogen content in different parts of the plant ( stem and leaf +3 ), brix and productivity. For that, samples were collected at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 days after planting. For all collecting dates and at 300 days after planting the variety RB 863129 presented better results (P<0.05) for plant height, ste m dry weight, N content in leaf +3 and final yield compared to the varieties RB92579 and RB 867515 . There was no difference for number of plants (P>0.05) for the varieties RB 863129 and RB 92579 . L eaf are a was greater (P<0.05) fo r the variety RB 867515; and nitrogen content of stems were greater for the variety RB 92579 at 300 days after planting. Overall , the RB 86 3129 variety was the most promising for cultivation in this region during the sugarcane - plant season.

Agronomic, morphogenic and structural characteristics of Marandu grass in silvopastoral systems composed of babassu palm and grass monoculture

Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Agronomic, morphogenic and structural characteristics of Marandu grass in silvopastoral systems composed of babassu palm and grass monoculture Autor(es): RODRIGUES, Rosane Cláudia; LIMA, Antonio José Temístocles de; ARAÚJO, Ricardo Alves de; JESUS, Ana Paula Ribeiro de; COSTA, Clésio dos Santos; SANTOS, Francisco Naysson Sousa; COSTA, Francivaldo Oliveira; CUTRIM JUNIOR, José Antônio Alves; SHIGAKI, Francirose; AZEVÊDO, Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro Resumo: This study evaluated the agronomic, morphogenic and structural characteristics of palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha) in silvopastoral systems (SSP’s) composed of babassu palms (Attalea speciosa) and grass monoculture in the Pre-Amazon region of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. The study followed a completely randomized design, with the arrangement in split plots with six replicates for the evaluation of agronomic characteristics and 30 repetitions for the morphogenic and structural characteristics. The plots were divided into pasture environments with different palm densities (monoculture, 80, 131, 160 palms.ha-¹), and the subplots were divided into the different seasons (rainy and dry). Total forage production was affected (P < 0.05) by the interaction between palm density and season. The rainy season, compared to the dry season, presented higher total forage production, whereas among silvopastoral systems, the one with 80 palms.ha-¹ presented higher production. The same pattern was found for leaf production. In the rainy season the production of culms increased, as did the ratio leaf.culm-1. Regarding the accumulation of dead material, the only observed difference was a smaller accumulation in the dry season for pastures with 160 palms.ha-¹. In the rainy season, the leaf elongation rate, leaf appearance rate, and final leaf length had higher values in the silvopastoral system with 131 palm.ha-¹, whereas during the dry season, these variables only differed in the monoculture system. Tiller elongation rate and the phyllochron were not affected (P > 0.05) by pastoral system during the rainy season, but in the dry period, higher responses were obtained in SSPs. Overall, SSPs with 80 palms.ha-¹ favored the agronomic characteristics of pastures. Morphogenic and structural characteristics were favored by increasing palm densities. Leaf senescence and duration were not affected by the system. ______________ ABSTRACT: Objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas, morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-Marandu (Urochloa brizantha) em sistemas silvipastoris (SSP’s) compostos por palmeiras de babaçu (Attalea speciosa) e em monocultivo de capim-Marandu na região Pré-Amazônica Maranhense. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com o arranjo em parcelas subdivididas com seis repetições para a avaliação das características agronômicas e 30 repetições para as características morfogênicas e estruturais. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos ambientes pastoris e suas densidades (monocultura, 80, 131, 160 palmeiras.ha¹) e nas subparcelas os períodos (chuvoso e seco). A produção total de forragem foi influenciada (P<0,05) pela interação densidades x épocas do ano. Entre as épocas, o período chuvoso foi o que apresentou maior produção total de forragem e entre os ambientes pastoris a densidade de 80 palmeiras.ha¹ apresentou maior produção. A mesma resposta foi encontrada para a produção de folhas. No período chuvoso foi observado maior produção de colmos e relação folha. colmo-1. Para o acúmulo de material morto só houve efeito (P<0,05) entre os períodos, onde pastagens com 160 palmeiras.ha¹, no período seco tiveram menor acúmulo. No período chuvoso, as taxas de alongamento foliar, aparecimento foliar, e comprimento final da folha tiveram maiores valores no ambiente pastoril com 131 palmeiras.ha¹, enquanto no período da seca, essas características diferiram (P<0,05) somente em relação a monocultura. A taxa de alongamento do colmo e o filocrono não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos ambientes pastoris no período chuvoso, no entanto no período da seca, as maiores respostas foram obtidas nos SSP’s. O sistema silvipastoril com 80 palmeiras.ha¹ favorece as características agronômicas da pastagem. Já as características morfogênicas e estruturais são favorecidas com o aumento da densidade de palmeiras nas pastagens. As características taxa de senescência foliar e duração de vidas das folhas não são afetadas pela densidade de palmeiras nas pastagens e/ou monocultura Descrição: Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.

Nutritive value and in situ rumen degradability of Marandu palisade grass at different locations within the pasture in a silvopastoral system with different babassu palm densities

Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Nutritive value and in situ rumen degradability of Marandu palisade grass at different locations within the pasture in a silvopastoral system with different babassu palm densities Autor(es): TOSTA, Xerxes M.; RODRIGUES, Rosane Cláudia; SANCHÊS, Sâmara S.C.; ARAÚJO, Jocélio dos Santos; LIMA JÚNIOR, Antônio da S.; COSTA, Clésio S.; SANTOS, Francisco N. de S.; JESUS, Ana P.R.; SILVA, Ivone R. da; COSTA, Francivaldo O.; SHIGAKI, Francirose; MENDES, Sanayra da S. Resumo: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value and in situ rumen degradability of grass collected from different locations within the pasture in a silvopastoral system with different densities of trees. The silvopastoral system consisted of Urochloa (syn. Brachiaria) brizantha cv. Marandu and the babassu palm, Orbignya sp. (now: Attaleia speciosa). We used a completely randomized design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement for nutritional value (3 differently shaded locations and 3 palm tree densities) and a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement for dry matter (DM) disappearance (3 locations, 3 palm densities and 3 incubation times). There was no effect of location within the pasture nor of palm tree density on the concentrations of NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. However, location influenced the concentrations of crude protein (CP) and DM, with highest CP in material grown in full sunlight. At all densities, DM disappearance at 96 h for pasture grown in full sunlight exceeded that for pasture grown in full shade. These factors need to be compounded with the possible depressant effect of trees on DM production of pasture when considering the benefits of silvopastoral systems. Descrição: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Nutritional value of sugarcane varieties in relation to nitrogen fertilization for the pre-Amazon Region of Brazil

Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Nutritional value of sugarcane varieties in relation to nitrogen fertilization for the pre-Amazon Region of Brazil Autor(es): COSTA, Mayanna Karlla Lima; SHIGAKI, Francirose; FREITAS, José Roberto Brito; RODRIGUES, Rosane Cláudia; CARNEIRO, Heloisa Resumo: This study evaluated the nutritional value of sugarcane varieties in relation to nitrogen fertilization. The varieties studied were RB 863129, RB 867515, and RB 92579, and nitrogen fertilizer was applied at doses of 0, 60, 80, 120, and 140 kg N ha-1. The experiment was divided into two stages: i) Year I - plant cane, when the yield and nutritional quality of the three sugarcane varieties were evaluated; ii) Years II and III, when and the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the nutritional quality of the first and second ratoon crops of the same varieties was evaluated. In plant cane the yield (t ha-1) and DM (dry matter) and CP (crude protein) contents were higher for the RB 863129 variety. There was no difference between the varieties regarding their NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (acid detergent fiber) contents and IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility). In the first and second ratoon crops, there was a difference between the varieties and fertilizer doses for the evaluated parameters, with the exception of the DM content and IVDMD, which were influenced by the varieties, doses of N, and cutting years. The RB 92579 variety showed the best yield of the two ratoon crops (131 t ha-1 of stems) and the best nutritional parameters (26% ADF, 41% NDF, 2.4% CP, and 69.4% IVDMD). The sugarcane yield and its nutritional quality can be influenced by the cutting year and nitrogen fertilization management system and by the variety type. _________________ RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou o valor nutritivo de variedades de cana-de-açúcar em função da adubação nitrogenada. As variedades estudadas foram RB 863129, RB 867515 e RB 92579, e as doses nitrogenadas 0, 60, 80, 120 e 140 kg N ha-1. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas: i) Ano I - Cana-planta: avaliou-se a produtividade e qualidade nutricional de três variedades de cana-de-açúcar; ii) Anos II e III: avaliou-se a influência da adubação nitrogenada na qualidade nutricional da primeira e segunda soca das mesmas variedades. Na cana-planta foram determinados o teor de Brix e a relação FDN/Brix. Para a cana-planta, a produtividade (t ha-1) e os teores de MS e PB, foram superiores (P < 0.05) para a variedade RB 863129. Não houve diferença (P < 0,05) entre as variedades para os teores de FDN e FDA e para a DIVMS. Na primeira e segunda soqueira houve diferença (P < 0,05) entre variedades e doses de adubação para os parâmetros avaliados, com exceção do teor de MS e digestibilidade in vitro, que foram influenciados (P < 0,05) pelas variedades, doses de N e anos de corte. A variedade RB 92579 apresentou nas duas soqueiras a melhor produtividade (131 t ha-1 de colmos), aliada aos melhores parâmetros nutricionais (FDA 26%, FDN 41%, PB 2,4% e DIVMS 69,4%). A produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, assim com a sua qualidade nutricional, pode ser influenciada pelo manejo da adubação nitrogenada, ano de corte e pela variedade. Descrição: Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY NC)